Debian Gnu/Linux 2
-Áß°£ ¼öÁØÀÇ ÆÐÅ°Áö °ü¸® ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ dpkg-

    ¹ÚÁÖ¿¬ / ³ª¿ì´©¸® ¸®´ª½º µ¿È£È¸ ½Ã¼¥

     

 

µé¾î°¡±â¿¡ ¾Õ¼­

    Áö³­ È£¿¡¼­´Â µ¥ºñ¾ÈÀÇ dselect ¸Þ´º ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ÅëÇØ ¿øÇÏ´Â ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© »ìÆ캸¾Ò´Ù. °³³ä»ó ¾Ë¾ÆµÎ¾î¾ß ÇÒ ºÎºÐÀÌ ¸¹¾Æ¼­ ºñ±³Àû ¾î·Æ°Ô ´À²¸Á³À»Áöµµ ¸ð¸£°Ú´Ù. À̹ø È£¿¡¼­´Â µ¥ºñ¾È ¸Þ´º ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÎ dselect ÀÇ µÚ¿¡¼­ ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ ¼³Ä¡/Ãß°¡/»èÁ¦¸¦ ½ÇÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ÇàÇÏ´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÎ dpkg¿Í ±× ºÎ¼Ó ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ¾Ë¾Æº¸±â·Î ÇÑ´Ù. dpkg´Â ·¹µåÇÞ ¸®´ª½º ¹èÆ÷º»ÀÇ rpm°ú ±× ¿ªÇÒÀÌ ºñ½ÁÇϸç rpm°ú ±× ¿ªÇÒÀÌ ºñ½ÁÇϸç rpm°ú ºñ±³ÇÏ¿© dpkg ´Â ¼±Åà »çÇ×ÀÌ ¸¹°í À¯¿¬Çϸç, ±â´ÉÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¾çÇÏ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ Ãø¸é¿¡¼­ º»´Ù¸é, ºñ±³Àû º¹ÀâÇÑ ±â´ÉµéÀÌ ¸¹´Ù°íµµ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú´Ù.

    ÇÊÀÚ´Â ÀÚµ¿ ÀÀ´ä ÀüÈ­±â¸¦ »êÁö 2³âÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥ ¾ÆÁ÷ ÀÚµ¿ÀÀ´ä ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ³ìÀ½ÇØ º» Àûµµ ¾ø°í, Áý ¹Ù±ù¿¡¼­ ºÎÀçÁß¿¡ ¿Â ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ µéÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô²û ¸¸µé¾îÁø ÀÚµ¿ ÀÀ´ä ÀüÈ­±âÀÇ ±â´ÉÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ º»ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ÀüÈ­´Â Àß °É¸®°í Àß ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸é ÀüÈ­±â¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â ÇÊÀÚ¶ó¼­ ±×·±Áöµµ ¸ð¸£°Ú´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéµµ ÀüÈ­±â¸¦ ±×·¸°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê³ª »ý°¢µÈ´Ù. ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î dpkgÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¼±Åà »çÇ׿¡¼­ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸î °¡ÁöÀÇ »çÇ×À¸·Î Å« ºÒÆí¾øÀÌ µ¥ºñ¾È ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ ¼³Ä¡/Ãß°¡/»èÁ¦ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹øÈ£¿¡¼­´Â ÀÚÁÖ ¾²ÀÌ´Â ³»¿ë°ú ±×¸® ¸¹ÀÌ ¾²ÀÌÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸ À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¼±Åà »çÇ×µéÀ» Á¾ÇÕÇÏ¿© ´Ù·ï º¼ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÊÀÚµµ Ãʱ⿡´Â ±× ¸¹Àº ¸í·ÉÀ» ¸ô¶óµµ µÉ °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢Çß¾ú´Âµ¥, ÇϳªÇϳª ¾Ë¾Æ°¡´Ï ±×¸¸Å­ ÆíÇØÁú ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯¸é dpkgÀÇ ±â´É¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ »ìÆì º¸µµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ.

 

deb ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ±¸Á¶¿Í Çü½Ä

    deb ÆÄÀÏÀÇ À̸§Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

      foo_VVV-RRR_AAA.deb

      foo: File name
      VVV: Version number
      RRR: Revision number
      AAA: Architecture name

    foo´Â ÆÄÀϸíÀÌ´Ù ÀÌ°÷¿¡´Â gimp, passwd, lpr, elm, pine, smail, sendmail µîÀÇ ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ ¼º°ÝÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â À̸§ÀÌ µé¾î°£´Ù. ÆÄÀϸíÀº º¸Åë ¿µ¹®ÀÚ¿Í ¼ýÀÚ ±×¸®°í ƯÀÌÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ±âÈ£¹®ÀÚ('-'³ª'+')·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö¸ç º¸Åë ¼Ò½º ´ÜÀ§·Î ¿ø ÀúÀÛÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹èÆ÷µÇ´Â À̸§ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ³ª °£È¤ Ä¿´Ù¶õ ¼Ò½ºÀÏ °æ¿ì, ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î ³ª´µ¾îÁ® ÇϳªÀÇ ¼Ò½º¿¡¼­ ¿©·¯ °³ÀÇ debÆÐÅ°Áö°¡ »ý¼ºµÉ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ (multiple package·Î º¸Åë xfree86À̳ª emacs, pine, teTeX µî) À̸§Àº Á¶±Ý¾¿ ´Ù¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ ¼º°ÝÀ» Àß ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À̸§À¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁö¸ç ³ª¸§´ë·ÎÀÇ 'de facto standard'·Î ±»¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.

    VVV´Â ¹öÀü¹øÈ£ÀÌ´Ù. ¿ª½Ã ¿ø ¼Ò½º ¹èÆ÷ÀÚ°¡ ¸¸µé¾î³½ ¹öÀü¹øÈ£¸¦ µû¸£°Ô µÇ¸ç,Ä¿³ÎÀÇ °æ¿ì 2.0.29, 2.0.30 µîÀÇ ¹öÀü¹øÈ£, GNU C ÄÄÆÄÀÏ·¯ÀÇ °æ¿ì 2.7.2.1, 2.7.2.3 µîÀÇ ¹öÀü¹øÈ£¸¦ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ²À ¼ýÀڷθ¸ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï°í, ¼Ò½º ¹èÆ÷ÀÚ°¡ ¹öÀü¹øÈ£¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô ºÙÀÌ´À³Ä¿¡ ´Þ·Á Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ Ç¥ÁØÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤ÇØ ³õÀº °ÍÀº ¾ø´Ù. ¹öÀü ¹øÈ£´Â ¼ýÀÚ°¡ ¿ì¼±µÇ¸ç ¼ýÀÚ¿¡ Ãß°¡µÇ¾î ¼Ò½ºÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡ µî¿¡ µû¶ó ¿µ¹®ÀÚ°¡ Ãß°¡µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Dot('.')°¡ Çã¿ëµÈ´Ù.

    RRRÀº ¸®ºñÀü(Revision) ¹øÈ£·Î ¿ø ¼Ò½ºÀÇ ¹öÁ¯¾÷ ¾øÀÌ µ¥ºñ¾È ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ º¸¾È¹®Á¦, ½© ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÇ º¯È­, ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ ÀÇÁ¸¼ºº¯È­ ȤÀº »õ·Î¿î ¼Ò½ºÀÇ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³À» ¶§ º¯È­ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. 1¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿© º¸Åë Á¤¼ö·Î º¯È­ÇÏ¸ç °£È¤ ¼Ò¼öÁ¡ÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵDZ⵵ Çϳª, Á¤¼ö·Î º¯È­ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Ç¥ÁØÀÌ´Ù.

    AAA´Â ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ® ÆÄÀÏÀÇ »ý¼º Ç÷§ÆûÀ» Àû¾îÁØ´Ù. º¸Åë ¹èÆ÷µÉ ¶§¿¡´Â binary-{i386, powerpc, sparc, alpha, m68k}µîÀÇ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ µû·Î ÀúÀåµÇ¹Ç·Î ¾ÆÅ°ÅØóÀÇ ¸íÀ» »ý·«Çϳª, ½ÇÁ¦ ÆÐÅ°Áö »ý¼º ¶§´Â ¸í½ÃµÈ´Ù. i386, powerpc, sparc, alpha, m68k°¡ À¯È¿ÇÑ ¸íÀÌ°í Ç÷§Æû¿¡ »ó°ü¾øÀÌ ÆÐÅ°Áö(µµÅ¥¸ÕÆ®, ¼¿ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®, ÆÞ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® µî)ÀÏ °æ¿ì allÀÌ »ý¼º Ç÷§ÆûÀ¸·Î ±âÀçµÈ´Ù.

    ¿¹¸¦ µé¾îº¸ÀÚ

      libc5_5.4.33-7_I386.deb

    À§ÀÇ ÆÐÅ°Áö´Â libc5¶ó´Â À̸§À» °¡Áø ÆÐÅ°Áö·Î ¹öÀü¹øÈ£´Â 5.4.3.3ÀÌ°í, µ¥ºñ¾È °³Á¤¹øÈ£(revision number)´Â 7 À̸ç, ÀÌ ÆÐÅ°Áö°¡ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾ÆÅ°ÅØÃÄ´Â i386 °è¿­ÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ÀÌ´Ù.

      manapages_1.17-3_all.deb

    À§ÀÇ ÆÐÅ°Áö´Â manapages¶ó´Â À̸§À» °¡Áø ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÌ´Ù. À̸§¿¡¼­ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖµí, man ÆäÀÌÁö·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­¿Í »ó°ü¾ø´Â Ç÷§Æû¿¡ µ¶¸³ÀûÀÎ (platform-Independent) ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÌ´Ù. ¹öÀü¹øÈ£´Â 1.17 ÀÌ°í, µ¥ºñ¾È °³Á¤¹øÈ£( revision number)´Â 3À̸ç, ¾î¶² Ç÷§Æû¿¡¼­µµ °øÅëÀ¸·Î ¼³Ä¡ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÌ´Ù.

    ·¹µåÇÞ ÆÐÅ°Áö¿Í ºñ±³ÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

      rar-2.00-3beta.i386.rpm

    À§ÀÇ ÆÐÅ°Áö´Â ·¹µåÇÞ ÆÐÅ°Áö·Î, ÆÐÅ°Áö À̸§Àº rarÀÌ°í, ¹öÀü¹øÈ£´Â 2.00À̸ç, °³Á¤¹øÈ£´Â 3betaÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ÆÐÅ°Áö°¡ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾ÆÅ°ÅØó´Â i386 ÀÌ´Ù. ÆÐÅ°Áö ¸íÀ» ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

    º¸Åë ¹èÆ÷º» ÆÐÅ°Áö¿¡´Â ¾ÆÅ°ÅØó¸íÀÌ »ý·«µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­, ÇöÀç ÀÌ ÆÐÅ°Áö°¡ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¾ÆÅ°ÅØó¿¡¼­ µ¹¾Æ°¡´ÂÁö ¾Ë ¼ö ¾øÀ» ¶§µµ ÀÖ´Ù. dpkg´Â ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô²û ÇØÁØ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é Áö±ÝºÎÅÍ dpkgÀÇ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÇϳªÇϳª »ìÆì°¡¸ç ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ »ç¿ë¹ýÀ» ¾Ë¾Æº¸µµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ.

 

dpkgÀÇ »ç¿ë¹ý

    dpkg¿¡¼­ ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¿É¼ÇÀ» ¸î °¡Áö ¿¹·Î µé¸é¼­ ±× »ç¿ë¹ýÀ» ÀÍÇô º¸µµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ.

       dpkg - help

    ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº dbkg¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¸ðµç ¿É¼ÇÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇØÁØ´Ù. ¿É¼ÇÀÇ Ãâ·Â ³»¿ëÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Çü½ÄÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

     

    Usage:

    dbkg -i| -install                <.deb file name>... | -R|-recursive <dir>...

    dbkg -unpack                   <.deb file name>... | -R|-recursive <dir>...

    dbkg -A| -record-avail      <.deb file name>... | -R|-recursive <dir>...

    dbkg -configure                <.package name>... | -a|-pending

    dbkg -r| -remove |-purge <.package name>... | -a|-pending

    dbkg -get-selection[<pattern>...]            get list of selections to stdout

    dbkg -set-selection                                 set package selections from stdin

    dbkg -update-avail <Package-file>           replace available package info

    dbkg -merge-avail <Package-file>            merge with info from file

    dbkg -clear-avail                                     erase existing available info

    dbkg -forget old unavail                           forget unistalled unavailable pkgs

    dbkg -s| -status <Package-name>...        display package status details

    dbkg -print-avail <Package-name>...        display available version details

    dbkg -L|-listfiles <Package-name>...        list files owned' by package(s)

    dbkg -I|-list [<pattern>...]                       list packages concisely

    dbkg -S|-search <pattern>...                    find package(s) owning file(s)

    dbkg -C|-audit                                        check for broken package(s)

    dbkg -print-architecture                            print target architecture(uses GCC)

    dbkg -print-gnu-bulid-arch-architecture    print GNU version of target arch

    dbkg -print-installation-architecture           print host architecture (for inst'n))

    dbkg -compare-versions<a><rel><b>        compare version numbers-see below

    dbkg -help |-version                                show this help /version number

    dbkg -force -help |-Dh|-debug=help        help on forcing resp. debugging

    dbkg -licence                                           print copyright licencing terms

    Use dpkg -b|-bulit|-c|-contents|-e|-control|-l|-info|-f|-field|

      -x|-extract|-X|-vextract|-fsys-tarfiles on archives(type dpkg-deb-help.)

    For intermal use : dpkg -assert-support-predenpends | predep-package |

      -assert-working-epoch

    Options :

     -admindir =<directory>              Use <directoty> instead of /var/lib/dpkg

     -root= <directory>                     Install on alternative system rooted elsewhere

     -instdir=<directory>                   Change inst'n root without chageing admin dir

     -O|-selection-only                   Skip packages not selected for install/upgrade

     -E|-skip-same-version             Skip packages whose same version in installed

     -G=-refuse-downgrade             Skip packages with earlier version than installed

     -B|-auto-deconfigure               Install even if it would break some other package

     -largemem |-smallmem           Optimise for large (>4Mb) or small (<4Mb)RAM use

     -No-act                                   Just say what we would do - don't do it

     -D | -deug =<octal>                 Enable debugging-see Dhelp or-debug=help

     -ignore-depends=<packages>.. Ignore dependencies involving <package>

     -force-..                                  Override Problem- see --force-help

     -no-force-...|-refuse-...          Stop when problem encountered

    Comparison operators for - compare-version are:

       It le eq ne ge gt           (treat no version as earlier than any version );

       It-nl le-nl ge-nl gt-nl   (treat no version as later than any version );

       < << <==>=>> >          (only for compatibility with control file syntax).

    Use dselect for user-friendly package management. 

 

    ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ³Ê¹« ¸¹´Ù°í Áú¸®Áö ¸»ÀÚ. ÀüÈ­±â¿¡ ±â´ÉÀÌ ¸¹¾Æµµ ´Ù »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °Ç ¾Æ´ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â°¡, °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ ¾²´Â ¸î °¡Áö¸¸ ¾Ë¸é ÀÌ¿ë¿¡ Å« ÁöÀåÀº ¾ø´Ù(ÁöÀåÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â À̾߱⵵ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú´Ù.)
    ±×³É dpkg¸¸ ó³ÖÀ¸¸é ¾î¶² ÇൿÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö Ä£ÀýÇÏ°Ô dpkg°¡ ¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù.

     

    dpkg : need an auction potion

     

    Type dpkg -help for help about installing and deinstalling

    packages [*];

    Use dselect for user-friendly package management;

    Type dpkg -Dhelp for a list of dpkg debug flag values;

    Type dpkg -force-help for list of forcing options;

    Type dbkg-deb -help for help about manipulating *.deb files

    Type dpkg -licence for copyright licence and lack of warranty

    (GNU GPL) [*]

     

    Option marked [*] produce a lot of output - pipe it through less' or more'!

 

    dpkg¸¦ Ä¡¸é Ä£ÀýÇÏ°Ô dselect¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀ» ±ÇÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. À̹ø¿¡ dpkg¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¹è¿ï °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ dpkgÀÇ ±Ç°í¸¦ »ç¾çÇÏÀÚ.

      dpkg -info foo_VVV-RRR.deb

    ÀÌ -info ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖ¸é ƯÁ¤ ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ Á¤º¸´Â ÆÐÅ°Áö ³»ºÎÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ ´ã°í ÀÖ´Â debian/controlÆÄÀÏÀ» È­¸é¿¡ Ãâ·Â½ÃÄÑ ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÌ ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ À̸§, ±×¸®°í ÀÇÁ¸¼º°ü°è, Ãæµ¹¿©ºÎ µî ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ±â·ÏÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½È£¿¡ ´Ù·ê µ¥ºñ¾È ÆÐÅ°Áö ¸¸µé±â¿¡¼­ ´Ù·ïÁú ³»¿ëÀ̱⵵ÇÏ´Ù. Ãâ·Â ¿¹¸¦ »ìÆ캸ÀÚ

     

    $dpkg -info xbase_3.3-7.deb

     

    new debian package, version 2.0

    size 2205438 bytes: control archive = 3892 bytes.

       476 bytes,    22 lines   conffiles

       880 bytes,    19 lines   control

     5066 bytes,   227 lines   *postinst   #!/bin/sh

       136 bytes,      8 lines   *postrm     #!/bin/sh

      4179 bytes,  147 lines   *preinst     #!/bin/sh

        146 bytes    11 lines    *prerm      #!/bin/sh

    Package: xbase

    Version:3.3-7

    Architecture: i386

    Depends: cpp,libc6, ncurses3.4, xlib6g (>=3.3-5)

    Recommends:xserver-vga16 |xsever

    Conflicts :xstd. xterm-color

    Replaces:xstd,xterm-color

    Install -Size : 5709

    Maintainer : Mark.W.Eichin <eichin@kitten.gen.ma.us>

    Source: Xfree86

    Description : Local clients and configuration repqured by X

    This package contains the basic X11R6 distribution .It includes the basic

    clients and configuration files lt does not provide a server-servers for

    several different video cards are includes in separate packages.

    This package also does not include the shared libraries ; for these you must

    install the "xlib6" package. when a server and the shared libraries are

    installed along with this package, it provides a functional X Windows System

    installation. For a more complete installation you can install the "xcontrib"

    package.

 

    À§¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ »ìÆ캸¸é ÀÌ ÆÐÅ°Áö´Â ¼³Ä¡µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº »õ·Î¿î µ¥ºñ¾È ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÓÀ» ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÆÐÅ°Áö °ü¸®¹øÈ£ Çü½Ä ¹øÈ£´Â 2.0 ÀÌ´Ù.(ÀÌ °ü¸® Çü½Ä¹øÈ£´Â ÆÐÅ°Áö °ü¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ º¯È­¿¡ µû¶ó Á¤ÇÏ¿© Áö¸ç ÇöÀç¿¡´Â 2.2.0.0ÀÌ °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ ¾²ÀÌ¸ç µ¥ºñ¾È v2.0¿¡¼­´Â 2.3.0.0ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.) ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ Å©±âµµ ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±× ¾Æ·¡¿¡´Â conffiles, control, postinst, postrm, preinst, prerm ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ³ª¿ÍÀÖ´Ù.

    ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀº µ¥ºñ¾È ÆÐÅ°Áö ³»ºÎ¿¡¼­ ÆÐÅ°Áö ¼³Ä¡/Ãß°¡/»èÁ¦¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¼¿ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®·Î, ±× ¿ªÇÒÀº ¸Å¿ì Å«µ¥ conffiles´Â /etc µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ´Â ÀÌ ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸í½ÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯´Â ÃßÈÄ ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ °»½ÅÀ̳ª À缳ġ, ȤÀº »èÁ¦½Ã ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏÀ» Áö¿ì°Å³ª µ¤¾î ¾º¿ìÁö(overwrite)¾Ê°í ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ ¾÷±×·¹ÀÌµå °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô²û ÇØÁÖµµ·Ï Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í, postinst´Â ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ ÇØ´ç µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ Ç®¾î ³õÀº ÈÄ¿¡ ½ÇÇàµÉ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®À̸ç postrmÀº ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ »èÁ¦ÇÒ ¶§ ÇØ´ç µð·ºÅ丮ÀÇ °ü·ÃÆÄÀÏÀ» »èÁ¦ÇÑ ÈÄ ½ÇÇàµÉ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÌ´Ù. preinst´Â ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ ÇØ´ç µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ Ç®±â Àü¿¡ ½ÇÇàµÉ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÌ°í, prermÀº ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ ÇØ´ç µð·ºÅ丮¿¡¼­ »èÁ¦ÇÒ ¶§ °ü·ÃÆÄÀÏÀ» »èÁ¦Çϱâ Àü ½ÇÇàµÇ´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ´ÙÀ½ È£¿¡¼­ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ´Ù·ç±â·Î ÇÑ´Ù.

    Package : ¾Æ·¡¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ºÎºÐÀº control ÆÄÀÏ ³»ÀÇ Á¤º¸·Î ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ À̸§, ¹öÀü¹øÈ£, ¾ÆÅ°ÅØó, ÀÇÁ¸°ü°è, ¼³¸í µîÀÇ ³»¿ëÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù. À̸¦ È®ÀÎÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÇöÀç ÀÌ ÆÐÅ°Áö°¡ ¾î´À °÷¿¡ »ç¿ëµÉ °ÍÀÌ°í, ¾î¶² ÆÐÅ°Áö¿Í °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù.

      dpkg -- install foo_VVV-RRR,deb

    ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÅëÇØ ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. --install Àº -i¿Í ¶È°°´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ÃßÈÄ¿¡ ¼³¸íÇÒ --unpack°ú --configure ÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷À» ¸ðµÎ ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ ¸íÀº º¹¼ö·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, º¹¼ö·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â º¹¼öÀÇ ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ ¸ðµÎ unpack ÇÑ ÈÄ ÇѲ¨¹ø¿¡ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¿É¼ÇÀ̸ç, °¡Àå ´çȲÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ ¸¹ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ¿É¼ÇÀ̱⵵ÇÏ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.

    ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇÒ ¶§ÀÇ Ãâ·Â ¿¹¸¦ »ìÆ캸ÀÚ.

     

    $dpkg - install ncfto 2.4.2-1.deb

    (Reading database...28404 files and directories currently installed.)

    Unpacking ncftp(from ncftp_2.4.2-1.deb)...

    Setting up ncftp (2.4.2-1)...

    $

 

    À§´Â ncftpÀÇ ¼³Ä¡ È­¸éÀÌ´Ù. ¼³Ä¡°¡ ½ÃÀÛµÇ¸é ¿ì¼±-unpack¿É¼ÇÀÌ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ¿© ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ unpackingÇÏ°í, ±×¸®°í ³­ ÈÄ --configure ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÅëÇØ ¼Â¾÷ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÆÐÅ°Áö¿¡ µû¶ó preinst, postinst°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ÇØ´ç ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®°¡ ¼³Á¤ ¶§¿¡ ½ÇÇàµÇ¾î Setting up ¶§ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ »çÇ×À» ¹°¾î ¿Ã ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.

     

    $ dpkg -i inn_1.5.1-4.deb inewsinn_1.5.1-4.deb

    (Reading database ...28592 files and directories currently installed)

    Unpacking inn(from inn_1.5.1-4.deb)...

    Unpaking inewsinn(from inewsinn_1.5.1-4.deb)...

    Setting up inewsinn (1.5.1-4)...

     

    Setting up inn (1.5.1-4)...

    **INN news server configuration

     

    Please enter the return mail name's of your system. This is the hostname portion of the address to be shown on outgoing news (not mail) messages.

     

    Return mail name [doit.ajou.ac.kr]:

    ...(ÀÌÇÏ »ý·«)...

 

    À§¿¡ ¿¹Ã³·³ º¹¼ö°³ÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸í½ÃÇϸé ÆÐÅ°Áö µÎ °³°¡ Çѹø¿¡ Unpacking µÈ ÈÄ Setting up µÇ´Â °ÍÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÐÅ°Áö´Â inn ÆÐÅ°Áö ¼Â¾÷ ¶§ ¸î °¡Áö ÇÊ¿äÇÑ »çÇ×À» ¹°¾î¿À´Â °ÍÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

      dpkg -unpack foo_VVV-RRR.deb

    ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ ¼Â¾÷¸¸ ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» »Ó --install ¿É¼Ç°ú °°´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÁÖÀÇÇÒ »çÇ×Àº ÆÐÅ°Áö ³»ºÎÀÇ preinst ´Â -unpack ¿É¼Ç¿¡¼­ ÀÌ¹Ì ½ÇÇàµÈ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. --unpack ¿É¼ÇÀº ÀÇÁ¸¼º ¿©ºÎ ¹Ù·Î Àü±îÁö ÇàÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸¼º °ü°è¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ ¼³Ä¡Çϱâ Àü ¿ì¼± unpack ÇØ ³õ°í ÃßÈÄ¿¡ ÇÔ²² ¼Â¾÷ ÀýÂ÷¸¦ ÇÒ ¶§ Æí¸®ÇÏ´Ù.

      dpkg --configure foo

    ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº unpack ÇÑ ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ ¼Â¾÷ÇÑ´Ù. ¾ö¹ÐÈ÷ ¸»Çϸé ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ postinst¸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°°Ô µÈ´Ù. À̶§ ÀÇÁ¸¼º ¿©ºÎ°Ë»çµîÀ» ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸ç, ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¸é ¿¡·¯°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù. ÁÖÀÇÇÒ Á¡Àº --configure´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¿À´Â °ÍÀº ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ Ç®³×ÀÓÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ ´ÜÀÏ À̸§ À̶ó´Â Á¡À» ¾Ë¾ÆµÎÀÚ. Áï inn_1.5.1-4.debÀ̶ó¸é ÀÌ ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ ´ÜÀÏ À̸§ÀÎ inn¸¸À» ±âÀçÇÏ¿© ÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù.

      dpkg--content foo_VVV-RRR.deb

    ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÅëÇØ ÆÐÅ°Áö ³»ºÎÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Ãâ·Â ¿¹´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

     

    drwxr-xr-x root/root            0  1997-10-02 02:02 ./

    drwxr-xr-x root/root            0  1997-10-02 02:02 usr/

    drwxr-xr-x root/root            0  1997-10-02 02:02 usr/bin

    -rwxr-xr-x root/root   184724  1997-10-02 02:02 usr/bin/slrn

    drwxr-xr-x root/root            0  1997-10-02 02:02 usr/sbin/

    -rwxr-xr-x root/root       9365  1997-10-02 02:02 usr/sbin/slrnconfig

    -rwxr-xr-x root/root         483  1997-10-02 02:02 usr/sbin/slrn_getdescs

    -rwxr-xr-x root/root     41832  1997-10-02 02:02 usr/sbin/slrnpull

    drwxr-xr-x root/root            0  1997-10-02 02:02 usr/man/

    drwxr-xr-x root/root            0  1997-10-02 02:02 usr/man/man1

    -rw-r--r-x root/root    12828  1997-10-02 02:02 usr/man/man1/slrn.1.gz

    drwxr-xr-x root/root            0  1997-10-02 02:02 usr/doc/

    drwxr-xr-x root/root            0  1997-10-02 02:02 usr/dos/slrn

    ...(ÀÌÇÏ»ý·«)...

 

    À§¿¡¼­ Ãâ·ÂµÇ´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ¼³Ä¡µÉ ³»¿ëµéÀÌ´Ù.

      dpkg -fsys-tarfiles foo_VVV-RRR.deb

    ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇϸé ÆÐÅ°Áö ³»ºÎÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ÇÑ ÆÄÀϸ¸À» ÃßÃâÇØ ³¾ ¶§ À¯¿ëÇÏ´Ù. À̸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¼³Ä¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ®¸¸ ÃßÃâÇØ ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Å×½ºÆ® ¿ëÀ¸·Î ƯÁ¤ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ Ç®¾î³¾ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÆÄÀÏ¸í¿¡´Â ´ÜÀÏÇÑ ÆÄÀϸíÀ̳ª ¿ÍÀϵå Ä«µå¸¦ ÅëÇØ ´ÙÁßÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÃßÃâÇØ ³¾ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÁÖÀÇÇÒ »çÇ×Àº ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ ¸íÀº dpkg-contents foo_VVV-RRR.deb¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÆÐÅ°Áö ³»ºÎÀÇ ÆÄÀϸíÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ¿¹¸¦ º¸ÀÚ

      $ dpkg -fsys-tarfile slrn_0.9.4.3-1.deb | tar-xf-usr/bin/slrn

    ÀÌ·¸°Ô Çϸé {ÇöÀç µð·ºÅ丮}/usr/bin ¿¡ slrnÆÄÀÏÀÌ Ç®·ÁÁ® ³ª¿ÈÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

      dpkg -remove foo

    ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº foo¶ó´Â ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ »èÁ¦ÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ »èÁ¦Çϳª ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏÀº »èÁ¦ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

      dpkg -purge foo

    ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ¼³Ä¡µÈ foo ¶ó´Â ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ »èÁ¦ÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. --remove ¿Í ´Ù¸¥ Á¡Àº ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀϵµ »èÁ¦ÇØÁØ´Ù. ÃßÈÄ¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ ÀÏÀÌ ¾ø´Â ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ »èÁ¦ÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.

      dpkg--list foo*

    ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇϸé foo¶ó´Â À̸§À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ ÇöÀç ¼³Ä¡»óȲÀ» Ç¥½ÃÇÏ¿© ÁØ´Ù. ÇöÀç ¼³Ä¡µÈ ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ ¸®½ºÆ®¸¦ »Ì¾Æ³»°Å³ª, ƯÁ¤ ÆÐÅ°Áö°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾ú´ÂÁö¿¡ ¿©ºÎ, ±×¸®°í ÇöÀç ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ ¼³Ä¡ Á¤µµ¸¦ ÆľÇÇÒ ¶§ À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Sun »çÀÇ Solaris ¿¡¼­ÀÇ pkginfo ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ°ú ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù.

    Ãâ·Â ¿¹´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

     

    $ dpkg--list libc5-* libc6-*

    Desired=Unknown/Install/Remover/Purge

    |Status=Not/installed/Config-files/Unpacked/failed-config/Half-installed

    |/Err?=(none) /Hold/Reinst-required/X=both-problems(Ststus,Err:

    uppercase=bad)

    || / Name          Version       Description

    +++-===================================================

    pn libc5-altdbg  <none>     (no description available)

    ii   libc5-altdev  5.4.33.7     The Linux C library version 5(alternative d

    un libc5-dev     <none>      (no description available)

    un libc5-pic      <none>      (no description available)

    pn libc5-dbg     <none>      (no description available)

    ii   libc6-dev      2.0.2c-0.1 (The Gnu C library version 2 (development fil

    ii   libc6-dev      2.0.4-1     (The Gnu C library version 2 (documentation f

    pn libc6-pic      <none>      (no description available)

    $

 

    À§ÀÇ Ãâ·Â ¿¹´Â libc5 ¿Í libc6 ¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ ¼³Ä¡¿©ºÎ¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æº¸°Ô µÈ´Ù È­¸é¿¡¼­ º¸¸é ±× ³»¿ëÀ» ½±°Ô ÁüÀÛÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸®¶ó º»´Ù.

    ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÈ ¸ðµç ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ ¼³Ä¡»óȲÀ» º¸·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.

     

    $dpkg --list

    Desired= UnKnow/Install/Remove/Purge

    |Status=Not/Install/Config-files/Unpacked/Failed-config/Half-Installed

    |/Err?=(none)/Hold/Reinst-required/X=both-problems (Status.Err:

    uppercase=bed)

    || /Name         Version    Description

    +++-==================================================

    ii acct                6.3-1   The GNU Accounting untities.

    ii acroreda         3.0-1    Adobe Portable Document Forment files viewer

    ii adduser          3.7        Add user and groups to the system.

    ii adjtimex          1.3-2    utilty to display or set the kernel time va

    ii ae                  962-15  Anthony's Editor - a tiny full-screen edito

    ii afterstep-i18n 1.0-3     A window manager with the NEXTSTEP look and

    ii alien               5.18       Install Red Hat ad slackware Package with

    ii apache           1.2.4-2  Versatile, high-performance HTTP server

    ii apache-doc    1.2.4-2  Apche documentation

    ii ascd               0.7-2     AfterStep CD player

    ii ascdc             0.3.4      AfterStep CD changer

    ii asmail             0.50-4   AfterStep mail monitor

    ii asmixer           0.5-3     AfterStep audio mixer

    ii at                   3.1.8-2  Delayed job execution and batch processing

    ii autoconf         2.12-2   automatic  configure script builder.

    ii automake        1.2-1     A tool for generating GNU Standards -complian

    ...(ÀÌÇÏ»ý·«)...

    $

 

      dpkg--get-selections foo*

    ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ÇöÀç ¼³Ä¡°¡´ÉÇÑ(available) ÆÐÅ°ÁöµéÀÇ »óÅ°¡ ¾î¶°ÇÑÁö Ãâ·ÂÇØÁØ´Ù. foo* ¿¡´Â ÆÐÅÏÀÌ µé¾î °¥¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, »ý·«Çϸé ÇöÀç ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ÆÐÅ°ÁöµéÀÇ »óȲÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. x·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ÆÐÅ°ÁöµéÀÇ »óȲ Ãâ·Â ¿¹´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

     

    $ dpkg --get-selection x*

    x10                   purge

    x10-automate    purge

    x3270                purge

    x3270-htmldoc   purge

    x48                    purge

    xabacus             purge

    xanim                install

    xarchie               purge

    xarclock              purge

    xasteroids           purge

    xautolock            install

    xaw-wrappers      install

    xaw3d                 install

    xaw95                 purge

    xbanner               purge

    xbase                  install

    xbattle                 purge

    xbill                     purge

    xbl                       purge

    xblast                   purge

    xblast-sound         purge

    ...(ÀÌÇÏ »ý·«)...

 

      dpkg-update-avail<Packages-files>

      dpkg-merge-avail<Packages-files>

      dpkg-clear-avail

      dpkg-forget-old-unavail

    ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Àß »ç¿ëÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀº dselect¿¡¼­ È£ÃâÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î ù¹ø° °ÍÀº ¼³Ä¡ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÆÐÅ°Áö ¸ñ·ÏÀ» °»½ÅÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ°í, µÎ¹ø°´Â ÆÐÅ°Áö ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ÇÕÄ¡´Â °ÍÀ̸ç, ¼¼¹ø°´Â Áö¿ì´Â °Í, ³×¹ø°´Â ¼³Ä¡µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í ÇöÀç ¼³Ä¡°¡´ÉÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ÆÐÅ°Áö ¸ñ·ÏÀ» »èÁ¦ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

      dpkg -print-avail foo

    ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇϸé ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ fooÀÇ ÇöÀç ¼³Ä¡ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÆÐÅ°Áö¹öÀü°ú ¼³¸íÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. dpkg-info foo_VVV-RRR.deb¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀϹÝÀûÀÌ´Ù.

      dpkg-listfiles foo.dpkg-L foo

    ÆÐÅ°Áö foo°¡ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇØÁØ´Ù. ÆÐÅ°Áö³»ºÎ¿¡ ¾î¶² ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ¼ÓÇØÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÒ ¶§ À¯¿ëÇÏ´Ù. Ãâ·Â ¿¹´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

     

    $ dpkg -listfiles bash

    /.

    /bin

    /bin/bash

    /bin/rbash

    /bin/sh

    /etc

    /etc/skel

    /etc/skel/.bashrc

    /etc/skel/.bash_profile

    /usr

    /usr/bin

    /usr/bin/bashbug

    /usr/doc

    /usr/doc/bash

    /usr/doc/bash/CHANGES.gz

    /usr/doc/bash/FAQ.gz

    /usr/doc/bash/INTRO.gz

    ...(ÀÌÇÏ »ý·«)...

 

    À§´Â bash ÆÐÅ°Áö¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ  ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ¾î´À °÷¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´ÂÁö º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.

      dpkg- seach filename.dpkg-S filename

    ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇϸé ƯÁ¤ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÆÐÅ°Áö¿¡ ¼ÓÇØ ÀÖ´ÂÁö Ãâ·ÂÇØÁØ´Ù. Á÷Á¢ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÀ»Çؼ­ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Ùº¸¸é ÆÄÀϵéÀÌ ¿©±â Àú±â¿¡ »êÀûÇÏ¿© ¾î¶² ÆÄÀÏÀÎÁö ¸ð¸¦ °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹´Ù. Á¤¸®ÇÒ ¶§ ÆÐÅ°Áö¿¡ ¾ø´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» »èÁ¦ÇÒ ¶§ À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ȤÀº ƯÁ¤ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ±Ã±ÝÇÒ ¶§ ¿øÇÏ´Â ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ ã°í ãÀº ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ ¼³¸íÀ» dpkg- print-avail foo¸¦ ÅëÇØ Ãâ·ÂÇغ¸¸é ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ¾î´À Á¤µµ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù.

      dpkg- audit dpkg-C

    ¼³Ä¡µÈ ÆÐÅ°Áö°¡ ±ú¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´ÂÁö üũÇØÁØ´Ù. º¸Åë, ÆÐÅ°Áö ¼³Ä¡½Ã À߸ø ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾ú´Ù¸é ±× ÆÐÅ°Áö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸®½ºÆ®¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇØÁØ´Ù. º¸Åë, Á¤»óÀûÀÎ ¼³Ä¡°¡ ¸¶ÃÄÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é ±×¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ Ãâ·ÂµÈ´Ù

    innÀÇ ¼³Ä¡°¡ ´ú ³¡³ª¼­ ¼³Á¤ÀÌ µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº »óŶó¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ Ãâ·ÂµÈ´Ù.

     

    $dpkg - audit 

    The following packages have been unpacked but not yet configured.

    They must be configured using dpkg- configure or the configure menu option in dselect for them to work :

    inn      News transport system InterNet News' by the ISC and         Rich

    $

 

      dpkg -print-architectuer

      dpkg -print-gnu-build-architecture

      dpkg -print-installation architecture

    ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇµéÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀº °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù. ÇöÀç ¼³Ä¡°¡´ÉÇÑ ¾ÆÅ°ÅØó¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇØÁØ´Ù. i386 ¿¡¼­ÀÇ Ãâ·ÂÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

     

    $dpkg - print-architecture

    i386

    $dpkg -print-gnu-bulid-architecture

    i486

    $dpkg-print-installation- architecture

    i386

    $

 

      dpkg - version

    dpkgÀÇ ¹öÀü ¹øÈ£¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇØÁØ´Ù. ÇÊÀÚ´Â 1.4.0.19¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Ãâ·ÂµÇ¾ú´Ù.

     

    $ dpkg -version

    Debian LInux dpkg' package management program version 1.4.0.19 (i386elf)

    Copyright 1994-1996 lan jackson, bruce Perens. This is free software:

    see the GNU Public Licence version  2 or later for copying

    condition . There os NO warranty See dpkg-licence for details.

     

      dpkg-licence

    ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ ÀúÀ۱ǿ¡ ´ëÇØ Ç¥½ÃÇØÁØ´Ù.

 

¾ÈµÇ¸é µÇ°Ô Ç϶ó. °­Á¦¿É¼Ç, dpkg--force

      dpkg-force

    ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ ¼³Ä¡, »èÁ¦¸¸Å­À̳ª ÀÚÁÖ ¾²ÀÏ ¿É¼ÇÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº »ý°¢º¸´Ù »ç¿ëÇϱâ´Â ½±Áö¸¸ ³Ê¹« ÀÚÁÖ »ç¿ëÇϸé ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾ÆÁÖ ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇÑ °æ¿ì ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ÃÖ´ëÇÑÀÇ Æí¸®¸¦ Á¦°øÇØÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. dpkg -i °¡ Á¦´ë·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í »ý°¢µÇ¸é °­Á¦·Î¶óµµ ÇؾßÁö ¾î¼°Ú´Â°¡. :-)

      dpkg -force-help

    ¸·°­ÇÑ ¸¸Å­ Áö¿øµÇ´Â ¿É¼Çµµ ²Ï ¸¹´Ù. Ãâ·ÂÀ» Çغ¸¸é ²Ï ¸¹Àº ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½À» º¸ÀÚ.

 

    $dpkg -force-help

    dpkg forcing options - control bahaviour when problems found :

        warm but contiue :- force -<thing>,<thing>....

        stop with error :    - refuse -<thing>,<thing>....

    Forcing things :

        auto-select [*]      (De)select packages to install (remove) them

        dowgrade [*]         Replace a package with a lower version

        configure-any        Configure any package which even when on hold

        bad- path              PATH is missing important programs. problems likely

        not-root                Try to (de) install things even when not root

        overwrite[*]           Overwrite a file from one package with another

        overwrite-diverted   Overwrite a diverted files an undiverted version

        depends-version[!] Turn dependency version problem into warnings

        depends [!]            Turn all dependency  problem into warnings

        confilcts [!]            Allow installation of conflicting packages

        architecture [!]        Process even packages with wrong architecture

        overwrite-dir [!]    Overwrite one packages 's directory with another's file

        remove- reinstreq [!]  Remove packages which require installation

        remove- essential [!]  Remove an essential package

     

    WARNING - use of options marked[!] can seriously damage your installation.

    Forcing options marked[*] are enabled y default.

      remove-essential [!] Remove an essential package


    ¿ì¸®´Â ¸î °¡Áö ¸¶Áö¸·ÀÇ °æ°í¿¡ ÁÖÀǸ¦ ±â¿ïÀÏ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. [!]·Î µÈ ¿É¼ÇÀº ¼³Ä¡¿¡ ½É°¢ÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö °¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Áï ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀÌ »ý±æ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡À» ¸»ÇØÁØ´Ù. ±×¸®°í [*]·Î µÈ ¿É¼ÇÀº ¼³Ä¡½Ã µðÆúÆ®·Î ÁöÁ¤µÊÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. -force ¿É¼ÇÀº Ç×»ó ÀÌ ¿É¼Ç°ú ´õºÒ¾î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¿É¼Ç µÚ¿¡ ±×¿¡ ´ëÇÑ action(-purge, -install, -remove, -configureµî)ÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÁöÁ¤µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

      dpkg --force-auto-select

    ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº º¸Åë Depends ¹®Á¦ ½Ã Æí¸®ÇÔÀ» °¡Á®´Ù ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¶§, ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ¸í½ÃÇØ Áشٸé, ÀÌ ¿É¼ÉÀ» ÅëÇØ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ÇØ´çÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇØ ÁØ´Ù. ȤÀº Á¦°ÅÇÒ ¶§, ÀÇÁ¸¼º ¹®Á¦¿¡ ÇØ´çµÇ´Â ÆÐÅ°Áö¿Í ´Ù¸¥ ÇØ´çÆÐÅ°Áöµµ ¿ª½Ã »èÁ¦ÇØ ÁØ´Ù.(ÇÊÀÚÁÖ : µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¶§µµ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, dpkg·Î¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â ¾ÈµÇ´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù)

      dpkg- forece- downgrade

    ÇÏÀ§¹öÀüÀ¸·ÎÀÇ ´Ù¿î ±×·¹À̵带 Çã¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â µðÆúÆ®·Î ÁöÁ¤ÀÌ µÇ¾î Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ dpkg-install·Î Çϸé ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ´Ù¿î ±×·¹À̵åµÈ´Ù.

      dpkg- force-overwrite

    ÆÐÅ°Áö °£¿¡ °ãÄ¡´Â ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¶§ dpkg´Â ¼³Ä¡¸¦ °ÅºÎÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇϸé ÆÐÅ°Áö °£¿¡ °ãÄ¡´Â ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ±×´ë·Î µ¤¾î¾²±â¸¦ ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×´ÙÁö ÁÁÀº ¹æ¹ýÀº ¾Æ´ÔÀ» ¸í½ÉÇϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù.

      dpkg- force-overwrite-diverted

    °°Àº À̸§À» °®°í °°Àº ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â ÆÄÀϵéÀÇ °æ¿ì ¿ø·¡ÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ´Ù¸¥ À̸§À¸·Î ¹Ù²Û ÈÄ, ÀÌ »ç½ÇÀ» µ¥ºñ¾È ÆÐÅ°Áö °ü¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ°í ÃßÈÄ¿¡ ¾÷±×·¹ÀÌµå ½Ã ¿ø·¡ÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ¾÷±×·¹ÀÌµå µÇµµ·Ï ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¸é  °ü¸®µÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀÏÁö¶óµµ ¹«½ÃÇÏ°í ±×´ë·Î µ¤¾î¾²±â¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ª½Ã ±×´ÙÁö ÁÁÀº ¿É¼ÇÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.

      dpkg- force- depends -version

    º¸Åë ÆÐÅ°Áö ¼³Ä¡½Ã ¹öÀüÀÌ ³·¾Æ ÀÇÁ¸¼º ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì ¼³Ä¡´Â ÁߴܵÇÁö¸¸, ¹öÀüÀÌ ³·¾Æ ÀÇÁ¸¼º ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹«½ÃÇÏ°í ÁøÇà ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´ÙÁö Å« ¹®Á¦´Â ¹ß»ýÇÏÁö ¾Ê°ÚÁö¸¸ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®ÀÇ ½É°¢ÇÑ ¹ö±×³ª Áö¿øµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ±â´ÉÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ ¹öÀü üũÀÓ¿¡µµ À̸¦ ¹«½ÃÇϸé ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.

      dpkg- force - depends

    »ó´çÈ÷ ¸¹ÀÌ ¾²ÀÌ´Â ¿É¼ÇÀÌ´Ù. ÀÇÁ¸¼º °Ë»ç¿¡¼­ ½ÇÆÐÇß´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ÆÐÅ°Áö °ü¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ¿Àµ¿ÀÛÀÌ ÀϾ´Â °æ¿ì À̸¦ ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¾²ÀδÙ. ÀÇÁ¸¼º¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀϾµµ ³¡³»Áö ¾Ê°í °æ°í¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³ª°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¿¹´Â ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù.

     

    $dpkg- force-depends install inn_1.5.1-4.deb

    Selecting previously deselected package inn

    (Reading database...28408 files and directories currently install.)

    Unpacking inn (from inn_1.5.1-4.deb)...

    dpkg : inn : dependency problems but configuring anyway as you request :

       inn depends on inewsinn (>=1.5-1) : however;

       Package inewsinn is not installed.

    Setting up inn(1.5.1-4)..

    **inn news server configuration

     

    Please enter the return mail name' of your system . This is the hostname portion of the address to be shown on outgoing news (not mail) messages

     

    Return mail name [doit.ajou.ac.kr]:

 

    À§ÀÇ °æ¿ì, innÀº inewsinnÆÐÅ°Áö¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½¿¡µµ ¹«½ÃÇÏ°í ¼³Ä¡¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù.

      dpkg --force-conflicts

    ¼­·Î »ó¹ÝµÈ °ü°è¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ °­Á¦·Î ¹«½ÃÇÏ°í ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù. À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿É¼ÇÀÌ´Ù.

     

    $ dpkg -force-conflicts -install sendmail_8.8.7-5.deb

    Selecting previously deselect package sendmail

    dpkg : regarding sendmail_8.8.7-5.deb containing sendmail:

    sendmail conflicts with mail-transport-agent

    smail provides mail-transport-agent and is installed.

    dpkg:warning -ignoring conflict, may proceed anyway !

    dpkg:regarding sendmail_8.8.7-5.deb containing sendmail:

     sendamil conflicts with smail

     smail(version 3.2-3) is installed.

    dpkg:warning -ignoring conflict, may proceed anyway !

    dpkg:regarding sendmail_8.8.7-5.deb containing sendmail:

     smail conflicts with mail-transport- agent

     sendmail provides mail-transport-agent and is to be installed.

    dpkg:warning -ignoring conflict, may proceed anyway !

    dpkg:regarding sendmail_8.8.7-5.deb containing sendmail:

     smail conflicts with sendmail

     sendmail(version8.8.7-5) is to be installed

         ...(ÀÌÇÏ»ý·«)...

 

    À§ÀÇ ¿¹¿¡¼­ º¸´Â ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ sendmailÀº mail-transport-agent(MTA)¶ó´Â virtual name(Àú¹ø È£¿¡¼­ ¼³¸íÇß´Ù)À» °¡Áø ÆÐÅ°Áöµé°ú ´ë¸³°ü°è¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸³ª ¹«½ÃÇÏ°í ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ½É°¢ÇÑ °ü°è¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸³ª ¹«½ÃÇÏ°í ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ½É°¢ÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ³ºÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î °¡±ÞÀû ÀÌ·± ¹æ½ÄÀ» ÅÃÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â°Ô ÁÁ´Ù.

      dpkg-force-architecture

    ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ¾ÆÅ°ÅØó°¡ ´Þ¶óµµ ¹«½ÃÇÏ°í ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ®°¡ ¿Àµ¿ÀÛÇϰųª, ½É°¢ÇÑ °æ¿ì ½Ã½ºÅÛ Å©·¡½¬°¡ µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï °¡±ÞÀû »ï°¡¾ß ÇÒ ¿É¼ÇÀÌ´Ù .

      dpkg-force-remove-reinstreq
      dpkg-force-remove-essential

    ÀÌ µÎ ¿É¼ÇÀº ²À ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ »ç¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. º¸Åë ¿ì¼± ¼øÀ§(priority)°¡ Required ÀÎ °æ¿ì ȤÀº ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» µ¿ÀÛ½ÃÅ°´Âµ¥ ÇʼöÀûÀÎ ÆÐÅ°ÁöµéÀº »èÁ¦°¡ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ²À ºÎµæÀÌ ÇÑ °æ¿ì(ºÎµæÀÌ ÇÑ °æ¿ì°¡ ¾î¶² °æ¿ìÀÎÁö´Â ¸ð¸£°ÚÁö¸¸) »èÁ¦ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °æ¿ìµµ »ý±æ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¶§ ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÅëÇØ »èÁ¦¸¦ ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.

    -force¿É¼ÇÀº ´ëºÎºÐ 'your own risk' ÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ À§Ç輺ÀÌ µÚµû¶ó´Â ¿É¼ÇµéÀÌ´Ù. ²À ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÏÀÚ. ³ª¸ÓÁö ¿É¼ÇÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¹Ç·Î ³í¿Ü·Î ÇÑ´Ù.

 

±ÛÀ» ¸¶Ä¡¸ç

    rpm ¸¸Å­À̳ª dpkg ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ »ç¿ëµµ ¾î¶»°Ô º¸¸é ²Ï ±î´Ù·Ó´Ù. º¸Åë -install, -purge, -unpack, -remove¸¸ ¾Ë¾Æµµ »ç¿ëÇϴµ¥ ¾Æ¹«·± ÁöÀåÀº ¾ø´Ù. Á» °í±Þ(?)À¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á´Ù º¸¸é ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °Íµµ ¸¹°í ÇÏ´Ï Á¶±Ý¾¿ ½áº¸¸é¼­ ½Ç·ÂÀ» ´Ã·Á ³ª°¨µµ ÁÁÀ» °Í °°´Ù.

    ´ÙÀ½È£¿¡¼­´Â Áö±Ý±îÁö ¾Ë¾Æº» dselect dpkgÀÇ »ç¿ë¹ý¿¡¼­ Á÷Á¢ µ¥ºñ¾È ÆÐÅ°ÁöÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³»´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¾Ë¾Æº¸µµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ. °ü½ÉÀÌ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷À̶ó¸é /usr/doc/dpkg µð·ºÅ丮 ÇϺο¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ ¿©·¯ µµÅ¥¸ÕÆ®¸¦ ²À Çѹø Àоµµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ. µµÅ¥¸ÕÆ®´Â Àå½ÄÇ°ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¹Ì¸®¹Ì¸® ¾Ë¾Æº» ³»¿ëÀº ¿©·¯ºÐ¿¡°Ô Å« µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.




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